Anal cancer usually is caused by the same virus that causes anal and genital warts and cervical cancer. The virus is called human papillomavirus (HPV). Using condoms consistently may help to reduce the risk of getting this infection.

In the early stage, there usually are no symptoms. Some people may notice rectal bleeding or spots of blood with bowel movements. Many experts recommend that women and men get regular exams and Pap tests to check for anal cancer and precursors to anal cancer.